Short History Of The Movies

1. Introductory Assumptions. For Further Reading and Viewing. 2. Birth. Frames per second. Pictures on Film. Speed. Flicker and the Continuous Signal. Persistence of Vision and Other Phenomena. Seeing with the Brain. Visual Masking and Retinal Retention. Early Observations. Separating and Integrating Frames. The Phi Phenomenon and Beta Movement. Short-Range Apparent Motion. Constructing Continuity. Scientific Toys. Émile Reynaud. Photography. Muybridge and Marey. Thomas Edison. W. KL. Dickson and William Heise. Early Cameras and Films. The Kinetoscope. A Sound Film and Studio. Projection. The Magic Lantern. The Loop and Other Solutions. The LumiÈre Brothers. R.W. Paul. The Vitascope. The First Films. For Further Reading and Viewing. 3. Film Narrative, Commercial Expansion. Early Companies. Narrative. George Melies. Cohl and Others. Edwin S. Porter. FKawin, Bruce is the author of 'Short History Of The Movies', published 2005 under ISBN 9780321262325 and ISBN 0321262328.